Interactive session with Dr. Ranjan Dash, Co-Founder & CTO, Y-Carbon

Dr. Ranjan Dash

On 2nd August, 2009, An alumni of my institute, Dr. Ranjan Dash, who completed his B.Tech in 1998 and then went on to do  PhD.at Drexel University in Material Science Engineering along with an MBA in organization management, visited the institute campus and met the students in an interactive session. The session was so interesting and encouraging that I was compelled to share the information on my blog.

He told about the difference in education in US and India stressing the point that the education in US is practical as the resources are unlimited and easily approachable. He also told about the various points that can help the students to get  into a good campus in US, Some of them are:

• For applying for a M.S or PhD, having practical experience of handling equipments of that field plays a huge advantage.
• The recommendation letter should be sought fro concerned people in that field and alumni support should be sought without hesitation.
• Knowledge about the developments in the concerned field should be updated.
• Talk to Admission office for information on the criteria and requirements, and try your best to represent yourself to meet their requirements
• Add a Research Synopsis in your application
• Make sure that your Resume is in US format

Knowing people in the concerned field plays a major role in getting into a good university in US or anywhere in the world, he asked the students to search the web and find the experts in their field of interest and to make sure that they interact with experts through mails and even try to meet them when they come to India for any visit.

According to him Ph.D. should be pursued from a different institute altogether from the place you have done your M.S/M.Tech so that you have a broader profile and more experience. The MBA education should be pursued from schools like Wharton rather than IIMs because in Wharton School, the students are future CEOs  and competition is less as compared to the IIMs. He also suggested that students should have prior work experience before going for MBA education as real understanding comes after experience.

Regarding Future career opportunities, the scope is in:

• Energy generation, storage and management
• Material Chemistry
• Security
• Biotechnology & Biomedical

He finally asked people to read the paper “Terawatt Challenge“

The session with Dr. Ranjan Dash was very interesting and educating, he made me remember the forgotten fact about having good interaction with the alumni as these people have tried and gone through the same stage that I am facing now.Thank you sir for coming to the institute and sharing the valuable information with us.

Energy generation, storage and management

New York Movie Review

“New York” Movie Poster

Although I scarcely watch bollywood movies, but reading the review given by my close-friend on the movie and the daily advertisements making sense, I finally made my plan to watch the movie. The movie had the loud and clear message as far I believe that with so much discrimination and racialism we are breeding hatred which in some cases results to acts of  terrorism. The scenario depicted in the movie is about how the life of a young Indian-American is affected after the September 11 attack. This young American studying in New York State University is tortured by the FBI on suspicion of his involvement in the September 11 attack but after sometime when conclusive enquirers negate his involvement in any terrorist activity, he is cleared of the charges but the torture faced by him in the custody leaves hatred in him. He now forms a terrorist group and attacks the FBI head-quarters seeking revenge. The FBI keeping watch on him through his university’ friend, kill him when he just steps away from his goal and foils his plan. The movie’s story is good and carries a message as far I believe, i.e, through the hatred instilled in us for various ethnic groups due to some people wrong doing’s we are creating more hatred around us. The recent world scenario makes me feel that many countries are sowing the seeds to terrorism due to their own actions and are facing the consequences of their mistakes.

Coming back to the movie, the storyline was good but not aptly depicted in the movie, the planting of bombs on the FBI head-quarters in the movie was hard to believe, rest the movie was fine, but I wouldn’t suggest it as a must-watch.  Anyways, I appreciate the efforts made by all in the movie.

How to Write an RTI Application

This is the complete guide on how to use Right to Information Act, 2005 to retrieve any information from any public authority. The contents have been divided into sections to facilitate reading. If you have any suggestions/ queries please feel free to contact me on my mail: sunxran@gmail.com.

Article Index:

* Introduction
* What is Information under the RTI Act, 2005
* What is Right to Information Act, 2005
* Exemptions from Disclosure of Information under RTI Act, 2005
* Writing an RTI Application to seek information
* Sample Format
* Mode of payment for seeking information
* Submitting the application
* Some useful links

Introduction

The Right to information Act,2005 provided the citizen of India the power to seek information regarding the working of the Government and its public units. This act has converted the prevailing culture of secrecy into the culture of openness and transparency in the working of the Government.

What is Information under the RTI Act, 2005

Information is any material in form. It includes records, documents, memos, e-mails, opinions, advices, press releases, circulars, orders, logbooks, contracts, reports, papers, smaples, models, data material held in nay electronic form. It also includes information relating to any private body which can be accessed by the public authority under any law for the time being in force.

What is Right to Information Act, 2005

The Right to Information Act 2005 (Act No. 22/2005) is a law enacted by the Parliament of India giving citizens of India access to records of the Central Government and State Governments. The Act applies to all States and Union Territories of India, except the State of Jammu and Kashmir – which is covered under a State-level law. Under the provisions of the Act, any citizen (including the citizens within J&K) may request information from a “public authority” (a body of Government or “instrumentality of State”) which is required to reply expeditiously or within thirty days. The Act also requires every public authority to computerize their records for wide dissemination and to proactively publish certain categories of information so that the citizens need minimum recourse to request for information formally.

Exemptions from Disclosure of Information under RTI Act, 2005

It may be noted that the right to seek information from a public authority is not absolute. Section 8 and 9 of the Act enumerate the categories of information that can exempt from disclosure.

According to section 8 of the RTI Act, 2005:

1. Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, there shall be no obligation to give any citizen,—

(a) information, disclosure of which would prejudicially affect the sovereignty and integrity of India, the security, strategic, scientific or economic interests of the State, relation with foreign State or lead to incitement of an offence;

(b) information which has been expressly forbidden to be published by any court of law or tribunal or the disclosure of which may constitute contempt of court;

(c) information, the disclosure of which would cause a breach of privilege of Parliament or the State Legislature;

(d) information including commercial confidence, trade secrets or intellectual property, the disclosure of which would harm the competitive position of a third party, unless the competent authority is satisfied that larger public interest warrants the disclosure of such information;

(e) information available to a person in his fiduciary relationship, unless the competent authority is satisfied that the larger public interest warrants the disclosure of such information;

(f) information received in confidence from foreign Government;

(g) information, the disclosure of which would endanger the life or physical safety of any person or identify the source of information or assistance given in confidence for law enforcement or security purposes;

(h) information which would impede the process of investigation or apprehension or prosecution of offenders;

(i) cabinet papers including records of deliberations of the Council of Ministers, Secretaries and other officers:

Provided that the decisions of Council of Ministers, the reasons thereof, and the material on the basis of which the decisions were taken shall be made public after the decision has been taken, and the matter is complete, or over:

Provided further that those matters which come under the exemptions specified in this section shall not be disclosed;

(j) information which relates to personal information the disclosure of which has no relationship to any public activity or interest, or which would cause unwarranted invasion of the privacy of the individual unless the Central Public Information Officer or the State Public Information Officer or the appellate authority, as the case may be, is satisfied that the larger public interest justifies the disclosure of such information:

Provided that the information which cannot be denied to the Parliament or a State Legislature shall not be denied to any person.

2. Notwithstanding anything in the Official Secrets Act, 1923 nor any of the exemptions permissible in accordance with sub-section (1), a public authority may allow access to information, if public interest in disclosure outweighs the harm to the protected interests.

3. Subject to the provisions of clauses (a), (c) and (i) of sub-section (1), any information relating to any occurrence, event or matter which has taken place, occurred or happened twenty years before the date on which any request is made under secton 6 shall be provided to any person making a request under that section:

Provided that where any question arises as to the date from which the said period of twenty years has to be computed, the decision of the Central Government shall be final, subject to the usual appeals provided for in this Act.

According to section 9 of the RTI Act, 2005:

Without prejudice to the provisions of section 8, a Central Public Information Officer or a State Public Information Officer, as the case may be, may reject a request for information where such a request for providing access would involve an infringement of copyright subsisting in a person other than the State.

Along with the mentioned exemptions the Intelligence and Security Organizations, which are exempt from the purview of the Act. The exemption of the organization doesnot cover supply of information relating to allegations of corruption and human rights violations.

Schedule II:

Intelligence and security organization established by the Central Government

1. Intelligence Bureau.

2. Research and Analysis Wing of the Cabinet Secretariat.

3. Directorate of Revenue Intelligence.

4. Central Economic Intelligence Bureau.

5. Directorate of Enforcement.

6. Narcotics Control Bureau.

7. Aviation Research Centre.

8. Special Frontier Force.

9. Border Security Force.

10. Central Reserve Police Force.

11. Indo-Tibetan Border Police.

12. Central Industrial Security Force.

13. National Security Guards.

14. Assam Rifles.

15. Special Service Bureau

16. Special Branch (CID), Andaman and Nicobar.

17. The Crime Branch-C.I.D.-CB, Dadra and Nagar Haveli.

18. Special Branch, Lakshadweep Police.

Writing an RTI Application to seek information:

There’s no specific format for an RTI application, some salient features need to be kept in mind while drafting the application.

Pre-requisites:

* Please mention your name, contact address and If possible your phone number also.
* The application should be addressed to Public Information Officer of the concerned department. In case you have problems locating your PIO/APIO you can address your RTI application to the Pio C/o Head of Department and send it to the concerned Public Authority with the requisite application fee. The Head of Department will have to forward your application to the concerned PIO.
* Do not address your RTI application to the PIO by his name, just in case he gets transferred or a new PIO is designated in his place.

Application Guidelines:

While filing an RTI application, the framing of the questions is very important. A slight misunderstanding or vague questions gives the PIO a chance to reject your application. Follow these guidelines:

o Use a white sheet of paper to write an application. There is no need to using Note-sheet, or the Court stamp paper. You can use your letter pad for asking for information.
o The matter can be hand written, or typed. There is no compulsion of typing the content.
o Make sure the application is legible and easy to read.
o The application in English or Hindi or in the Official language of the area in which the application is made.
o There is no restriction on number of pages for asking information.
o There are also no restriction on number of questions that can be asked in one application. However, it is generally advisable to ask restrict one application with limited set of questions and generally related ones.
o Be very specific & ask to the point questions. Don’t ask vague questions.
o Ask as many short questions as you like ,but don’t ask for voluminous information.
o Ask information always by writing your name and signature, and not by your post, as only citizen have the right to information.
o Do not ask a question containing ‘WHY’! For example, questions like why you failed to pass the bill, is liable to be rejected for not covering under RTI Act.
o You can ask for reasons behind a “administrative” or a “quasi-judicial” decision under Section 4(1)(d), especially if you are a “affected person”
o If the information sought is voluminous, it is better to ask it in the form of CD to save on cost.
o Remember that, you do not need to write the reason for asking the information.
o Mention the payment details like BC/DD/IPO number, issuing bank/post office, date, cash receipt details , etc., towards the end of your application
o The subject of the application should contain “Application under RTI Act”

Sample Format

Format of application for obtaining information under the Right to Information Act, 2005

To,
The Central Public information Officer,
(Name of the Office with Address)

(1) Full name of Applicant: Mr./Mrs./Ms.

(2) Address:

(3) Particulars of the information required

(i) Subject matter of Information:

(ii) The period to which the information relates:

(iii) Description of the information required:

(iv) Whether the information is required by post or in person:
(the actual postal charges shall be included in additional fees)

(v) In case by post (Ordinary, Registered or Speed):

(4) Whether the applicant is below poverty line
(if yes, attach the photocopy of the proof thereof.)

Place: Signature of the Applicant

Date: Fee of Rs.10/- sent in cash/by moneyorder/
by payorder no.###########

Mode of payment for seeking information

The applicant, along with the application , should send a demand draft or a banker’s cheque or an Indian Postal Order of Rs.10/- payabe to the Accounts Officer of the public authority as fee prescribed for seeking information. The payment of fee can also be made by way of cash to the Accounts Officer of the public authority or to the Central Assistant Public Information Officer against proper receipt.

Public Authorities under the centre, states, legislatures and Supreme/High courts have framed separate rules for RTI. The amount of fees and the mode of payment varies and you should check the correct rules as applicable in your case.

Generally, you can deposit your application fee via:

* In person by paying cash [remember to take your receipt
* By Post through:
* Demand Draft/Bankers Cheque
* Indian Postal Order
* Money orders (only in some states)
* Affixing Court fee Stamp (only in some states)
* Some state governments have prescribed some head of account. You are required to deposit fee in that account. For that, you can either go to any branch of SBI and deposit cash in that account and attach deposit receipt with your RTI application. Or you can also send a postal order or a DD drawn in favour of that account along with your RTI application. Please see respective state rules for complete details

The applicant may also be required to pay further fee towards the cost of providing the information, details of which shall beintimated to the applicant by the CPIO as prescribed by the Right to Information (Regulation of Fee and Cost) Rules, 2005. Rates of fee as prescribed in the Rules are given below:

* Rs 2/- for each page (in A-4 or A-3 size paper) created or copied.
* Actual charge or cost price of a copy in larger size paper;
* Actual cost or price for samples or models.
* for inspection of records, no fee for the first hour; and a fee of Rs 5/- for each subsequent hour (or fraction thereof);
* for information provided in diskette or floppy rupees fifty per diskette or floppy; and
* for information provided in printed form at the price fixed for such publication or rupees two per page of photocopy for extracts from the publication.

NOTE: If the applicant belongs to below poverty line (BPL) category, he is not required to pay any fee. However, he should submit a proof in support of his claim to belong to the below poverty line. The application not accompanied by the prescribed fee of Rs 10/- or proof of the applicant’s belonging to below poverty line, as the case may be, shall not be a valid application under the Act and therefore, does not entitle the applicant to get information.

Submitting the application

Since you will need a proof, that your RTI application has been received by the PIO. The tested methods to submit a RTI application are:

* Personally, by hand: Please ensure that you get your copy of the application and proof of payment duly stamped, signed and dated, either by the PIO or by the inward department
* Registered Post AD: The AD card will act as proof of submission, after it is returned to you by the postal department. In case the AD card does not come back with a proper stamp, signature and date of receipt, follow up with the despatching post office to get the AD card completed
* Speed Post (A postal department service): Once the application is sent by Speed Post, track it on http://www.indiapost.gov.in/Speednew/track.aspx and keep a print out of the delivery status carefully with you

Do not use ordinary post, private courier companies, etc. since these will not provide you with a confirmed proof of delivery.

Designated Post Offices:

In order to facilitate citizens in filing RTI applications, the government has designated certain Post Offices for accepting RTI applications addressed to Public Authorities (PA’s) under Central Government. These cannot be used for submitting RTI Applications addressed to State PA’s, Legislatures, Courts, etc.

A list of designated Post Offices is available here:

http://www.indiapost.gov.in/rtimanual16a.html

You can read the following thread for further information regarding submitting your RTI applications through designated post offices:

http://www.rtiindia.org/forum/1653-t…end-cpios.html

Some useful links

Important Information & Discussions on Right to Information http://www.rtiindia.org/

Portal of the Right to Information http://www.rti.gov.in

Website of the Central Information commission: http://cic.gov.in/

‘Sixth Sense’

Sixth Sense in Use

‘Sixth Sense’ is a wearable gestural interface that augments the physical world around us with digital information and lets us use natural hand gestures to interact with that information. It has been designed by Mr. Pranav Mistry at MIT Labs. The device is very handy & can store/retrieve/process information with just a few gestures of your hand. Remember in the movie “Minority Reports” how Tom Cruise used to use the gesture of his hand to sort the information on the glass screen. Well this is much more advanced than that, you dont need a glass screen nor any specific hardware for display, stand in front of wall or just slide your hand in front of it and enjoy working on your hand or watching your favorite movie. With this newspaper reading wont be boring anymore but more interactive with videos being played when it senses the headlines and scans the related news videos from youtube.

The device can even help you in shopping and can also do the money tracking for you. It can search for your friend in a crowded place (Convicts pray that this device never goes in production). You can do calculations and do your precious work on this device while moving around. This device will surely open the gates for the next revolution.

How this device works?

The prototype model of this device consists of pocket projector, a mirror and a camera coupled in a pendant like mobile wearable device. Both the projector and the camera are connected to the mobile computing device in the user’s pocket. The projector projects visual information enabling surfaces, walls and physical objects around us to be used as interfaces; while the camera recognizes and tracks user’s hand gestures and physical objects using computer-vision based techniques. The software program processes the video stream data captured by the camera and tracks the locations of the colored markers (visual tracking fiducials) at the tip of the user’s fingers using simple computer-vision techniques. The movements and arrangements of these fiducials are interpreted into gestures that act as interaction instructions for the projected application interfaces. The maximum number of tracked fingers is only constrained by the number of unique fiducials, thus SixthSense also supports multi-touch and multi-user interaction.

Click here to know more about Sixth Sense

This is a revolutionary product which will surely change our lives.I am waiting for this product to come in production so that I don’t have to use my brain anymore.

Review on “The Testament”

The Testament

“The Testament” is a novel by my favorite novelist John Grisham. The plot as the the title of the book suggests surround around a will written by Mr. Troy Phelan who is a mulit-billionare with a worth of 11 billion. He has 3 ex-wives and 6 heirs of his estate from them. He also has an illegitimate duagther, Rachel Lane whom no one knew till the will was read. Mr. Phelan signs his will and immediately commits suicide. The attorney of Mr. Phelan starts the search for the daughter, who the complete estate had been probated by his client. The story revolves around the greed of his children who try to contest the will in court and how the attorney’s get hired and fired, witness & their testimonials bought & sold and the attorney’s safegaurd the interestd of Late Mr. Phelan, although  the chosen heir of his estate by Mr. Phelan has no interest in his money and is a missionary working in the far off tribal land inhabited by Indians in Pantanal region, Brazil. Since the matter is confidential hence Mr. Phelan’s attorney sends in his firm’s partner Nate to search the unknown heiress in the jungles of Brazil. This is the main plot of the novel.

The human relations and the changes money brings to them and the landscape of the Pantanal region, the conditions of native inhabitants has been aptly portrayed. The novel didn’t let me sleep till it was over and hence  I couldn’t stop myself applauding the novelist for such a great novel when it was complete.

Maybe I can sleep now.

Good Night

The Balance of Life

It is believed that in nature everything remains balanced so as the total of everything comes out to be zero, that means wholeness. To retain the balance state every time some thing good happens a worse deed follows.

The Japanese in their Ninja training and mythologies have a given a lot of stress on Yin & Yang. Yang is positive, masculine, and white, representing the right
side and a force from above; and Yin is negative, feminine, and black, representing the left side and rising from below. Yang could also be described as “power,” restless and in perpetual pursuit; and Yin as “love,” passive and enveloping. Yin is ever circling Yang, which is always striving to move forward. From this action is formed the whirling staircase of the universe.

Each individual carries both aspects, Yin and Yang, positive and negative, within the self. When the electric energy dominates, the person is said to be more masculine; when the magnetic holds sway, the person is said to be more feminine. Few are capable of complete balance. Therefore people tend to seek, or fall prey to, an energy that is complementary. This is the meaning of the phrase “water seeks its own level” and provides the foundation for virtually all interaction between humans.

There is a interesting transcript “Su Wen”, a transcript of conversations between Huang Ti, the Yellow Emperor of China circa B.C. 3000, and Ch’i Po, his master physician.
“I have heard that in ancient times, the people lived to be over one hundred years old, and yet remained active and did not become decrepit in their activities. But in our time, they only reach half that age and become weak and failing. Is it that mankind is degenerating through the ages and is losing his original vigor and vitality?
In ancient times, the people understood the Tao, the great principle of the universe. They patterned themselves upon the laws of Yin and Yang, were sober and led regular simple lives in harmony with Nature. For these reasons, they were healthy in mind and body, and could live to a ripe old age. In our time, they drink alcohol as if it were water, seek all manner of physical pleasure and abandon themselves to intemperance. Their passions exhaust their vital forces, their cravings dissipate their true essence, they do not know how to find contentment within themselves. They are not skilled in the control of their spirits and devote all their attention to the amusement of the mind. For these reasons they degenerate and do not live beyond the age of fifty. The sage teaches us to lead a simple and peaceful life; keeping energy in reserve pre- vents attack by illness; guarding against desires, the heart will be at peace; so while the body may fatigue, the mind does not. In this way one may still reach the age of one hundred. Yin in the interior is the guardian of Yang; Yang in the exterior motivates Yin. Yin and Yang are the Tao of heaven and earth (the laws of unity and opposition), the fundamental principle of the ten thousand things (which creates all matter and its transmutations), the originators of change, the beginning of birth (creation) and death (the destruction of all things), and the storehouse of all that is mysterious in the natural world…. The treatment and prevention of disease must be sought in this basic law.
Now the Yin and Yang have name, but no form. Thus they can be extended from one to ten, ten to a hundred, one hundred to a thousand, then to ten thousand, so that they include ‘all things. All things may be classified according to their nature. When speaking of Yin and Yang, the exterior is Yang, the interior Yin; when speaking of the body, the back is Yang, the abdomen Yin; when speaking of the solid and hollow organs, the liver, heart, spleen, lungs, and kidney are solid and Yin; the gall bladder, stomach, large intestine, small intestine, [and] bladder … are all hollow and Yang. Thus, the back is Yang and the Yang within the Yang is the heart; the Yin within the Yang is the lungs. The abdomen is Yin and the Yin within the Yin is the kidneys; the Yang within the abdomen is the liver and the spleen.

Yin and Yang wax and wane. Functional movement belongs to Yang, which is electric, while nourishing substances are Yin, or magnetic; nor can one exist without the other. Thus are the myriad things able to come to birth. Yin and Yang acting upon one another, producing change.”

This belief is not only limited to the Japanese and Chinese but followed by all the religions in the world, they all preach the same thing but use different words. This law indicates that the humans should lead a balanced life.

Windows Vista source code :P

How to Download Stuff using RS Leech

Many people don’t know the art of downloading. I myself didnt know how to download stuff, I had to rely on others for downloading but after sometime my friend introduced me to the art of Leeching. Earlier I used to wonder how these guys used to download stuff in 15 minutes when even using a multithreaded downloader it took me 2 hours. You don’t need to worry anymore about downoading stuff. Here’s a complete step by step guide on how to download stuff easily in a restricted network.

Lets start the Journey

Step 1: Get the link of the file you want to download

Recommendations:
For most series aired on US Channels: use the forum http://tvfreeload.com/forum .. register to access it [it's free]
For all sort of contents: www.warez-bb.org

Step 2: Use your favorite search engine to get a RapidLecch server

Step 3: Transload the File
By this I mean just paste the link and click on transload button.
If the Leechsite transloads the file then we are almost done, if not
1] Check the link is active from the “Check Link” button present mostly on top of the leechsite’s index page.
2] If link is active then just use other leechsite from the above list
else search for other active links to the file to be downloaded.
[You may fail to transload many times but be patient ... You will hav your luck soon! ]

Step 4: Once the file has been transloded 100%
If the extention of the file transloaded is restricted in your network then just follow the steps below or else just click on the file link to download it through your favorite downloader. Remember to use multithreaded downloader like Internet download Manager or DownThemAll plugin in Firefox etc…
Step a> Click on the link “Go back to Main”
Step b> Straight away head for the button “Server Files”

Step c> Check the checkbox for the table entry corresponding to your downloaded file name

Step d> Click on the Action dropdown menu near the “Name” field of the table displayed and select “rename” from it. A window resembling the one shown below will appear. Change the extension to the filetype allowed in your network, like rename it PDF extension, click on “Rename” button

Step 5: We are done now just download the file
Use your favorite Download Manager like Internet Download Manager [IDM], DownThemAll! plugin for Firefox etc to download the file
Just take care that the Download Manager supports multi-threading. Use a minimum of 10 connections.

You have finally downloaded a file.

If you come accross a better method or have new RS links with/without Rapidshare premium accounts please post them here.

Enjoy!

Strengthening Mechanism of Metals

Anything that impedes the free motion and / or generation of dislocations will strengthen the material. There are various methods through which the metals can be strengthened and put to use in our daily practice with lower failure probability.

Introduction

Anything that impedes the free motion and / or generation of dislocations will strengthen the material. A pure metal, either cast or hot-formed is extremely weak, with τy/G = 10-4, with τy = yield strength in shear and G is the shear modulus. These yield strengths are the order of 1000 psi or 6.89 MPa. There are enough dislocations to give lots of easy slip, but not enough to get in one another’s way.
Methods have been devised to modify the yield strength, ductility, and toughness of both crystalline and amorphous materials. These strengthening mechanisms give engineers the ability to tailor the mechanical properties of materials to suit a variety of different applications. For example, the favorable properties of steel result from interstitial incorporation of carbon into the iron lattice. Brass, a binary alloy of copper and zinc, has superior mechanical properties compared to its constituent metals due to solution strengthening. Work hardening (such as beating a red-hot piece of metal on anvil) has also been used for centuries by blacksmiths to introduce dislocations into materials, increasing their yield strengths.

Strengthening Mechanism

Precipitation Hardening

Please check the link below to understand precipitation hardening.

http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/Renzo-62728-Chap11pt3-Thermal-Processing-Metal-Alloys-Strengthening-Mechanisms-Methods-as-Education-ppt-powerpoint/

Work Hardening, Grain Boundary Strengthening, Solid Solution Hardening

http://www.google.co.in/url?sa=t&source=web&ct=res&cd=1&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cmse.ed.ac.uk%2FMSE3%2FTopics%2FMSE2-06%2FLecture%25207%2520Metals%2520I.pdf&ei=gKbNSb_uOIqMkAWfv9DYCQ&usg=AFQjCNGQ3wZyjS900ArKg3k5U2l_8s3ZOg&sig2=fqq7-HE5ZVrzm2gc8is02w

Download Summary PDF

Whom should I vote?

As our great democratic country goes for election for its top positions of governance, The groups / alliancies / parties are eyeing the top position for the welfare of this great country. Politicians come out with their new agendas and alliances but every statement they make is either incomplete or unclear. As a matter of fact this time I fail to see any agenda or solutions being offered by any political alliance/ party. Though all have taken out their websites to get to public but none of them have cited their detailed agendas on which the base of their government will be based once elected. I went through some of the websites, so that I could make up my mind on “whom to vote but for the next Central Government” … These are my reviews on different parties/alliances.

Indian National Congress -The largest democratic party in the world (As cited on their website http://aicc.org.in/home.php) has only posted the speeches of their premier leaders with no detailed decription on their website. Though they have posted their common minimum programme since May 2004 but it contains only abstract information nothing concrete is given.

Bharatiya Janata Party – The Party with a Difference, has depicted their agenda “GOOD GOVERNANCE, DEVELOPMENT & SECURITY” and have given their stands and detailed points & intended approach in a pdf (http://www.lkadvani.in/eng/images/stories/it-vision.pdf,http://www.bjp.org/). I really liked it but thought it should be substanciated a little more.

Other Parties – BSP, SP etc .. are still fighting among themselves that INCASE they get into power WHO WILL BE THE PRIME MINISTER OF INDIA and also I didnt find anything interesting there. Please check the link below if you intend to know.
SP (http://www.samajwadiparty.in/)
BSP (http://bspindia.org/)
CPI(M)-(http://www.cpim.org/)

No party on their website has given any space to its contestents from different constituencies to show their profiles, their ambitions/ point of view for our countries Development.

I dont know how can people vote and how can this system of democracy work when they have been provided very less information by the so called leaders / representatives of the people of India.